Vagus nerve stimulation was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the summer of 2005 for the treatment of chronic, or recurrent, treatment-resistant depression (not as a first-line treatment). More specifically, it is indicated for those whose depression has not responded to the usual treatments. As with deep brain stimulation this is not a treatment that is for everyone. Vagus nerve stimulation also did not effectively treat

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation involves the application of an electromagnetic coil to the brain; this creates electromagnetic pulses that result in an antidepressant effect. This is not a treatment that is widely available. It has not yet been approved by the FDA for the treatment of depression, so is still experimental.

Some clinical research trials are going on in the United States. TMS is used in patients with severe

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